Vision-related quality of life with myopia management: A review

The disease of myopia has come into focus as a worldwide public health concern. Myopia has shown increasing prevalence, incidence at earlier age and progression to a higher degree. Progressive increase in degree of myopia is strongly associated with increase in axial length of the eye. Various interventions have been shown to slow axial elongation in children. These interventions have been studied to assess efficacy in slowing axial elongation and correction of vision. In addition, research into quality of vision, risk of adverse events, overall safety and impact on vision-related quality (VR-QoL) of life has been pursued. In contrast, studies have been published to demonstrate the risks of myopia, high myopia and increased axial length. This review will discuss VR-QoL assessment on the most effective and most commonly prescribed interventions to slow axial elongation and myopia progression. The patient attributes considered are VR-QoL scores from validated instruments. The development and use of validated survey instruments to assess the patient-reported outcomes is discussed. The review demonstrates that there are numerous factors that may impact VR-QoL to evaluate in the decision-making process when eye care providers consider when, how and if to prescribe myopia management (MM) for children with myopia.     

Effects of ultrasound-assisted resting on the qualities of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles

The effects of resting under ultrasonic treatment on the properties of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles were investigated. Compared with the control group, the resting time to reach the maximum breaking force and extensibility of whole wheat dough sheets treated with ultrasound was shortened by 20 min. The proportion of strongly bound water (T₂₁) decreased, while the proportion of weakly bound water (T₂₂) increased during resting, and the ultrasonic treatment could accelerate this moisture redistribution in the dough. The extent of the increase in gluten macropolymer and the decrease in –SH content of ultrasound-treated wheat dough was higher than that of the control one during the initial 5–15 min resting, which could be related to the improvement of whole wheat dough extensibility. Whole wheat noodles showed a better breaking distance for 10 min of ultrasonic-assisted resting. Ultrasonic treatment could be used to reduce the resting time of whole wheat dough sheets and improve the texture properties of noodles.     

金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes，FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响，实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片，以无菌水处理为对照组，分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降；减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失；此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内，0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

Vertical oscillations of the thermocline caused by internal waves modify coldwater pelagic fish distribution: Results from a large stratified lake

Fishes typically occupy a species-specific temperature range, with their occupied depth being related to the lake’s temperature profile. When a fish’s preferred temperature range coincides with the thermocline, the location of their preferred thermal habitat is influenced by the rise and fall of internal waves, leading to possible changes in fish depth. These internal waves are common in large, stratified lakes, yet we do not know how they affect the spatial distribution and behavior of freshwater fishes. We conducted nighttime hydroacoustic surveys in a large, deep embayment of a large thermally stratified lake to observe whether pelagic fish respond to vertical oscillations of the thermocline caused by internal waves. The coldwater pelagic fish in our study (primarily cisco, Coregonus artedi) typically occupied a narrow vertical band approximately 5–8 m thick and temperatures between 10.8 ± 0.8–13.6 ± 1.6 °C (fishes sized 106–500 mm), just below the thermocline (centered around 15–17 °C). Importantly, the upper bound of fish depth varied in response to vertical thermocline movements associated with internal waves, suggesting fish respond to changes in their physical environment on timescales commensurate with basin-scale internal wave periods (hours to days), to remain within their preferred thermal habitat. Dissolved-oxygen levels were typically above avoidance thresholds of these fish, thus not likely exerting a strong influence on fish location. Our findings emphasize the need to account for internal waves when designing hydroacoustic and netting surveys, as thermocline movements can influence where fish are located.     

2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及潜在源分析

随着经济高速增长和城市化进程不断加快,华北平原区域性空气污染问题愈演愈烈。针对该区域开展长时序气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征和潜在源分析研究,对华北平原大气污染治理具有重要意义。基于长时序MODIS/Terra C6.1 MOD04_L2气溶胶光学厚度产品,分析华北平原气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征,并利用后向轨迹聚类分析讨论华北平原7个重点城市气团输送的季节变化,并以污染较为严重的河北石家庄为例进行潜在源分析和浓度权重分析,探究影响其大气质量的污染物潜在源区。结果表明:2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度月均值呈显著的周期性变化,以年为周期,每个周期内峰值一般出现在6月至8月; 气溶胶光学厚度月际年内呈单峰分布,峰值出现在6月(0.75),最小值出现在12月(0.37); 气溶胶光学厚度季均值从大到小依次为夏季(0.67)、春季(0.59)、冬季(0.49)、秋季(0.46); 10年间气溶胶光学厚度呈下降趋势,整体下降幅度达36.84%,其中2011年最高(0.72),2018年最低(0.45); 华北平原7个重点城市春、夏、秋、冬四季主要受短距离气团输送影响较大,长距离气团输送影响较小; 2014～2020年河北石家庄的空气质量优良天数占比相对较小,空气质量状况差,影响其空气质量的污染物多为本地生成,同时也受周边省市近距离输送的影响。     

电子束辐照灭菌对昭通酱品质影响研究

以昭通酱的感官评价、部分营养及理化成分为评价指标，研究电子束辐照剂量对其品质的影响。结果表明，当电子束辐照剂量为3.68 kGy时，昭通酱感官综合评价较好，真菌、大肠杆菌达到卫生标准，脂肪含量未显著下降（P＞0.05），过氧化值未显著上升（P＞0.05），6种大豆异黄酮含量未显著下降（P＞0.05），必需氨基酸（EAA）、总氨基酸（TAA）、呈味氨基酸（DAA），条件必需氨基酸（CEAA）未发生显著变化（P＞0.05），表明该剂量对昭通酱营养成分、理化指标的影响相对较小，且微生物指标达到卫生标准，是昭通酱电子束辐照灭菌的最佳剂量。     

Particulate matter emitted from ultrasonic humidifiers—Chemical composition and implication to indoor air

Household humidification is widely practiced to combat dry indoor air. While the benefits of household humidification are widely perceived, its implications to the indoor air have not been critically appraised. In particular, ultrasonic humidifiers are known to generate fine particulate matter (PM). In this study, we first conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the size, quantity, and chemical composition of PM generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. The mass of PM generated showed a correlation with the total alkalinity of charge water, suggesting that CaCO₃ is likely making a major contribution to PM. Ion chromatography analysis revealed a large amount of SO₄²⁻ in PM, representing a previously unrecognized indoor source. Preliminary results of organic compounds being present in humidifier PM are also presented. A whole-house experiment was further conducted at an actual residential house, with five low-cost sensors (AirBeam) monitoring PM in real time. Operation of a single ultrasonic humidifier resulted in PM_2.5 concentrations up to hundreds of μg m⁻³, and its influence extended across the entire household. The transport and loss of PM_2.5 depended on the rate of air circulation and ventilation. This study emphasizes the need to further investigate the impact of humidifier operation, both on human health and on the indoor atmospheric chemistry, for example, partitioning of acidic and basic compounds.     

Indoor air quality assessment in dwellings with different ventilation strategies in Nunavik and impacts on bacterial and fungal microbiota

Indoor air quality is a major issue for public health, particularly in northern communities. In this extreme environment, adequate ventilation is crucial to provide a healthier indoor environment, especially in airtight dwellings. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of ventilation systems and their optimization on microbial communities in bioaerosols and dust in 54 dwellings in Nunavik. Dwellings with three ventilation strategies (without mechanical ventilators, with heat recovery ventilators, and with energy recovery ventilators) were investigated before and after optimization of the ventilation systems. Indoor environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and microbiological parameters (total bacteria, Aspergillus/Penicillium, endotoxin, and microbial biodiversity) were measured. Dust samples were collected in closed face cassettes with a polycarbonate filter using a micro-vacuum while a volume of 20 m³ of bioaerosols were collected on filters using a SASS3100 (airflow of 300 L/min). In bioaerosols, the median number of copies was 4.01 × 10³ copies/m³ of air for total bacteria and 1.45 × 10¹ copies/m³ for Aspergillus/Penicillium. Median concentrations were 5.13 × 10⁴ copies/mg of dust, 5.07 × 10¹ copies/mg, 9.98 EU/mg for total bacteria, Aspergillus/Penicillium and endotoxin concentrations, respectively. The main microorganisms were associated with human occupancy such as skin-related bacteria or yeasts, regardless of the type of ventilation.     

加工精度对方便米饭理化性质的影响

过度"精、细、白"的大米加工方式造成大量的粮食和营养浪费。为促进我国粮食适度加工政策的实施,研究大米加工精度(DOM)对方便米饭复水性质(水分含量和水分分布)、形态特征(长宽比、延长率和体积膨胀率)、颜色(L值、b值和ΔE值)、质构(硬度和黏度)和微观结构的影响及规律。结果表明,当DOM≥3%时,方便米饭的水分吸收速率、水分分布和形态特征与精白米方便米饭(DOM 12%)相近。当DOM升至6%时,方便米饭的形态特征、总体颜色ΔE值、硬度和微观结构也与精白米方便米饭相近。当DOM达到9%时,方便米饭的黏度已与精白米方便米饭无显著差异。由此可见,生产方便米饭的大米DOM范围宜为6%～9%。用此DOM范围的大米生产方便米饭,可以保留部分糠层营养物质,节约3%～6%的粮食。